For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻ perform or answer the f...

Question

For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻ perform or answer the following.

Describe a 'partial diploid' and how it originates.

Accepted Answer

Hello, everyone. Let's look at our next problem. It says a bacterial cell that contains part of the genome on the plasmid. And another part on the chromosome is called blank. And our choices are a partial diploid B mosaic C heterogenic or D chimera. Well, this one is we sort of have a hint in the name here because we think of usually a bacterial cell just having a single chromosome. So a single copy of every gene, but when you have the bacterial chromosome plus a plasmid in your cell that contains a portion of the chromosome, you now have the potential to have two copies of some genes. Not all, it's not like a eukaryotic cell where you have pairs of chromosomes, but any genes that were on the portions of the bacterial chromosome that got incorporated into the plasmid. The bacterial sauna has two copies. So that leads us to our answer choice, which is choice. A partial diploid. A diploid of course is when you have doubled or two sets of every chromosome, but this doesn't have two sets of every gene just of some. So it's a partial diploid. Let's look at our other answer choices to understand why they're not correct choice. B is mosaic and A mosaic occurs when not all the cells of the body have the same chromosomes. So you could have this case in a type in, you could have this happen in cases. For instance, there's a form of Down syndrome uh which is mosaic tris 21. So not all the cells in the body have that extra copy of chromosome just some of the cells. And of course, the most common mosaic uh situation is in all females that are X X in every cell of the body. One of those X chromosomes has to be inactivated, but it won't be the same one in every cell. In early embryonic development, you have a random deactivation of one of those X chromosomes and all daughter cells descended from that have the same one inactivated. But you have that situation where some cells in the body have one X chromosome inactivated. The other cells have a different X chromosome and activated. So they're essentially not the same uh genotype in essence uh in different cells of the body. But that's not what we're talking about here. So that's not a correct answer. Choice. C heterogenic is of course, when you have two different types of a single alley. So you're in a situation where you already have two sets of chromosomes. That's just the no, it's a uh diploid organism for instance. And the two copies of the gene are different Allal forms. So that's why that's not our correct answer. Finally, uh Choice D chimera is a situation where there's actually different species cells in a single organism. And you see this, for instance, in genetic air engineering, sometimes we actually insert human cells into an animal to be able to produce human protein products that might be useful in medicine. So, Chimera again, has different species cells together in a single organism but not what we're talking about here. So choice D is incorrect. So again, a bacterial cell that contains part of the genome on the plasmid and another part on the chromosome is called choice a partial diploid. See you in the next video.

For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻ perform or answer the following. Describe a 'partial diploid' and how it originates.

Key Concepts

Partial Diploid

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Conjugation

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