Go to the OMIM website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim) and locate the Search button at the top of the page. Use the Search function to look up, one by one, the following three human hereditary diseases that are relatively common in certain populations: 'Tay–Sachs disease' (select OMIM number 272800 from the search results list); 'cystic fibrosis' (select OMIM number 602421 from the search results list); and 'sickle cell anemia' (select OMIM 603903 from the search results list). For each of these diseases, look through the information and provide the following details:

In which population(s) does the disease most commonly occur?

Key Concepts

Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders are diseases caused by abnormalities in an individual's DNA, which can be inherited from parents or arise de novo. These disorders can result from mutations in single genes (monogenic), multiple genes (polygenic), or chromosomal abnormalities. Understanding the genetic basis of these diseases is crucial for identifying at-risk populations and developing targeted treatments.

Population Genetics

Population genetics is the study of genetic variation within populations and how these variations change over time due to factors like natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Certain genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs disease and sickle cell anemia, are more prevalent in specific populations due to historical factors, including geographic isolation and selective pressures, which can influence allele frequencies.

Ethnic and Geographic Distribution of Diseases

The ethnic and geographic distribution of diseases refers to how certain hereditary conditions are more common in specific populations due to genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. For instance, Tay-Sachs disease is prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews, while cystic fibrosis is more common in individuals of Northern European descent. Understanding these distributions helps in genetic counseling and public health strategies.