List three main differences between DNA and RNA.

Key Concepts

Structure

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is typically double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) is usually single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose. Additionally, DNA uses thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases, while RNA substitutes uracil for thymine.

Function

DNA serves as the long-term storage of genetic information, acting as a blueprint for all living organisms. In contrast, RNA plays a crucial role in translating that genetic information into proteins, with messenger RNA (mRNA) carrying the code from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Stability

DNA is more stable than RNA due to its double-stranded structure and the absence of a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon of its sugar, making it less prone to hydrolysis. RNA, being single-stranded and containing ribose, is more reactive and less stable, which is suitable for its transient roles in the cell.