Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure
DNA Structure
2:37 minutes
Problem 13
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionDraw the chemical structure of a dinucleotide composed of A and G. Opposite this structure, draw the dinucleotide composed of T and C in an antiparallel (or upside-down) fashion. Form the possible hydrogen bonds.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Dinucleotide Structure
A dinucleotide consists of two nucleotides linked by a phosphodiester bond. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In this case, the dinucleotide will include adenine (A) and guanine (G) for one strand, and thymine (T) and cytosine (C) for the complementary strand. Understanding the arrangement of these components is crucial for accurately drawing the chemical structure.
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Antiparallel Orientation
In DNA, the two strands run in opposite directions, referred to as antiparallel orientation. This means that one strand runs from the 5' to 3' direction, while the complementary strand runs from 3' to 5'. This orientation is essential for the proper pairing of bases and the formation of hydrogen bonds, which stabilize the double helix structure of DNA.
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Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonds form between complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA, specifically between adenine and thymine (A-T) and guanine and cytosine (G-C). A-T pairs form two hydrogen bonds, while G-C pairs form three. These bonds are crucial for the stability of the DNA structure and play a significant role in the base pairing mechanism, which is fundamental to DNA replication and transcription.
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