For parts (a), (b), and (c) of this problem, draw a diagram illustrating the alleles on homologous chromosomes for the genotypes given, assuming in each case that the genes reside on the chromosome in the order written. For parts (d) and (e), give the information requested.

AB/ab

Key Concepts

Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have the same structure and gene sequence but may carry different alleles. Each parent contributes one chromosome to the pair, resulting in genetic variation. Understanding their structure is crucial for visualizing how alleles are arranged during processes like meiosis.

Alleles

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. For example, in the genotype 'AB/ab', 'A' and 'a' are alleles for one gene, while 'B' and 'b' are alleles for another. The combination of alleles determines the organism's traits and is essential for understanding genetic variation.

Genotype Representation

Genotype representation involves denoting the genetic constitution of an organism, typically using letters to signify alleles. In the notation 'AB/ab', the slash indicates that the organism is heterozygous for two genes, with one chromosome carrying 'AB' and the other 'ab'. This representation is vital for analyzing genetic crosses and predicting offspring traits.