Answer the following questions concerning the accuracy of DNA polymerase during replication.

If a replication error escapes detection and correction, what kind of abnormality is most likely to exist at the site of replication error?

Key Concepts

DNA Polymerase Function

DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during DNA replication. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication by proofreading newly synthesized DNA and correcting errors. However, if an error escapes this proofreading process, it can lead to mutations in the DNA sequence.

Replication Errors

Replication errors occur when DNA polymerase incorporates incorrect nucleotides into the growing DNA strand. These errors can arise from various factors, including chemical damage to DNA, mispairing of bases, or the inherent limitations of the polymerase enzyme. If not corrected, these errors can result in permanent changes to the genetic code, potentially leading to abnormal protein function or disease.

Types of Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can arise from replication errors. The most common types include point mutations, which involve a single nucleotide change, and insertions or deletions, which can alter the reading frame of the genetic code. If a replication error is not corrected, it can lead to these mutations, which may have varying effects on the organism, from benign to harmful.