Consider the phylogenetic trees below pertaining to thre...

Question

Consider the phylogenetic trees below pertaining to three related species (A, B, C) that share a common ancestor (last common ancestor, or LCA). The lineage leading to species A diverges before the divergence of species B and C.

For gene Y, a gene duplication occurred in the lineage leading to A after it diverged from that, leading to B and C. Are genes AY1 and AY2 orthologous or paralogous? Are genes AY1 and BY orthologous or paralogous? Are genes BY and CY orthologous or paralogous? <>

Accepted Answer

Hello everyone and welcome to today's video. So a researcher studying the genomes of two related species of plants finds that one of the species has several copies of the gene that is present in only one copy in the other species. The researcher suspects that gene duplication may have played a role in the divergence of these species. The duplicated genes may acquire new functions through mutations in the regulatory or non coding region sequences, creating unique functional diversity. This process is known as, as answer choice A we have sub functional organization as answer choice B we have neo functional as answer choice C, we have post translational modification and as answer choice D we have post transcription or modification. Now let's just think about what the question is stating so that we may solve the problem. Well, we have these two species. Let's imagine that this is happening within a single species of plant. We have a certain gene that undergoes gene duplication. So now there are two copies of this gene. Now one of the copies is going to be completely functional and it is going to be used a plan to produce the phenotype while the other copy is going to remain silent or is not going to be used as much, which is going to allow it to over time undergo mutations. Mutations are not going to affect the plant because this copy is not being expressed. But over time, these mutations are going to lead to different protein function. And eventually there is going to be a functional diversity that is going to occur within this organism leading to a new species, which is the divergence that the question is talking about. So when this process occurs, this is known as neo functional organization, which is going to be represented by answer choice B new functional organization. I really hope this video helped you and I hope to see you on the next one.

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