New allopolyploid plant species can arise by hybridization between two species. If hybridization occurs between a diploid plant species with 2n = 14 and a second diploid species with 2n = 22, the new allopolyploid would have 36 chromosomes. What pattern of speciation is illustrated by the development of the allopolyploid species?

Key Concepts

Allopolyploidy

Allopolyploidy is a form of polyploidy that occurs when two different species hybridize, resulting in a new species with multiple sets of chromosomes from both parent species. In the case of the question, the hybridization of two diploid species leads to a new allopolyploid species with a combined chromosome count, illustrating how genetic diversity can arise through interspecific hybridization.

Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. In the context of the question, the formation of a new allopolyploid species represents a form of speciation known as hybrid speciation, where the hybrid offspring are reproductively isolated from both parent species, leading to the emergence of a new species.

Chromosome Number and Polyploidy

Chromosome number is a critical factor in determining the genetic makeup of an organism. Polyploidy, the condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, can lead to increased genetic variation and adaptability. In the example provided, the new allopolyploid plant species has a total of 36 chromosomes, which is a sum of the chromosome sets from both parent species, illustrating how polyploidy can facilitate speciation.