When the S. cerevisiae genome was sequenced and surveyed for possible genes, only about 40% of those genes had been previously identified in forward genetic screens. This left about 60% of predicted genes with no known function, leading some to dub the genes fun (function unknown) genes. You wish to know the physical location of the encoded protein product. How will you obtain such information?

Key Concepts

Gene Function and Annotation

Gene function and annotation involve identifying the roles of genes and their products within an organism. In the context of S. cerevisiae, many genes were previously unknown, leading to the classification of 'fun' genes. Understanding gene function is crucial for determining how proteins interact within cellular processes and can guide experimental approaches to uncover their roles.

Protein Localization Techniques

Protein localization techniques are methods used to determine the physical location of proteins within a cell. Common techniques include fluorescence microscopy, where tagged proteins are visualized, and subcellular fractionation, which separates cellular components. These methods help elucidate the function of proteins by revealing where they operate within the cellular environment.

Bioinformatics and Computational Tools

Bioinformatics and computational tools are essential for analyzing genomic data and predicting gene functions. Databases and software can provide insights into protein domains, evolutionary conservation, and potential interactions. By leveraging these tools, researchers can infer the likely roles of unknown proteins based on sequence similarity and functional predictions from related organisms.