Okay. So now let's talk about humans, mice, and chimps and compare them. Human genomes have a bunch of similarities with other organisms, and you're probably already familiar with that. First, let's talk about mice and humans. Mouse genomes are very similar to human genomes; about 99% of human genes have some type of homolog in mice, and they also have 90% synteny. Synteny describes the order of genes, and so if you have gene A, gene B, gene C, gene D, conservancy across organisms means that the mouse genes and the human genes have the same order, even if they're not in the same place. It's just the conserved order of genes. So, there's 90% of that between mice and humans, which is significant.
With chimpanzees, it's even more similar. Chimpanzee genomes are extraordinarily similar to humans. There's about 35,000,000 single nucleotide differences between a human and a chimp, and if you compare this, right, there are 35,000,000. It sounds like a lot, but between just me and you, there are 3,000,000. There's not that big of a difference between me and you and me and a chimp, just about 10 times the nucleotide differences. However, there is a major difference between chimpanzees and humans. The major, but it's minor compared to other organisms, difference is duplications of chromosomal segments; humans have more duplications than chimpanzees in certain regions. So that's a significant difference. But generally, we know humans are very similar to other organisms because we all evolved from the same source. So with that, let's now move on.