Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
6. Chromosomal Variation
Chromosomal Rearrangements: Duplications
2:33 minutes
Problem 29
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionDescribe at least two mechanisms by which duplicate genes arise. What are the possible fates of duplicate genes? Does the mode of duplication affect possible fates?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Gene Duplication
Gene duplication is a process where a segment of DNA is copied, resulting in two identical or similar genes. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as unequal crossing over during meiosis or retrotransposition. The presence of duplicate genes can provide raw material for evolution, allowing one copy to maintain its original function while the other may acquire new functions or mutations.
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Fates of Duplicate Genes
Duplicate genes can follow several potential fates after their formation. They may become nonfunctional due to mutations (pseudogenes), retain their original function, or diverge to take on new functions (neofunctionalization). Additionally, they can also undergo subfunctionalization, where each duplicate retains a subset of the original gene's functions, allowing for specialization.
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Mode of Duplication
The mode of gene duplication can influence the subsequent fates of the duplicate genes. For instance, whole-genome duplications often lead to more significant evolutionary changes compared to smaller-scale duplications. The context in which duplication occurs, such as the genomic environment and selective pressures, can determine whether duplicates are preserved, lost, or evolve new functions.
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