The results shown are from a DNA test for four genes used in a paternity identification case. DNA for the mother (M) and her child (C) are shown along with DNA from two possible fathers, F1 and F2. What can you conclude based on the DNA results available?

Key Concepts

DNA Profiling

DNA profiling is a forensic technique used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. It involves analyzing specific regions of DNA that vary greatly among individuals, allowing for comparisons between samples. In paternity cases, the DNA of the mother, child, and potential fathers is compared to determine biological relationships.

Alleles and Genotypes

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent, which together form their genotype. In paternity testing, the presence of specific alleles in the child that match those of the mother and potential fathers can indicate biological relationships.

Inheritance Patterns

Inheritance patterns describe how genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring. In the context of paternity testing, it is essential to understand that a child inherits half of their genetic material from each parent. By analyzing the alleles present in the child and comparing them to those of the mother and potential fathers, one can infer the likelihood of paternity.