Define the term genetic complementation.

Locate another example of genetic complementation in this book and describe how genetic complementation works in that case.

Key Concepts

Genetic Complementation

Genetic complementation is a phenomenon where two different mutations in genes that affect the same biological function can restore the normal phenotype when combined in a heterozygous organism. This occurs when the mutations are in different genes, allowing the functional gene product from one allele to compensate for the defective product from the other. It is a crucial concept in genetics for understanding gene interactions and the functional relationships between genes.

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome that can lead to alterations in gene function. They can be classified as point mutations, insertions, deletions, or larger chromosomal changes. Understanding mutations is essential for studying genetic complementation, as it is the presence of these mutations that necessitates the complementation process to restore normal function.

Phenotype

Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. In the context of genetic complementation, the phenotype is crucial as it is the trait that is affected by the mutations. By analyzing the phenotype, researchers can determine whether complementation has occurred and how different mutations interact to influence the overall characteristics of the organism.