Researchers have compared candidate loci in humans and rats in search of loci in the human genome that are likely to contribute to the constellation of factors leading to hypertension [Stoll, M., et al. (2000). Genome Res. 10:473–482]. Through this research, they identified 26 chromosomal regions that they consider likely to contain hypertension genes. How can comparative genomics aid in the identification of genes responsible for such a complex human disease? The researchers state that comparisons of rat and human candidate loci to those in the mouse may help validate their studies. Why might this be so?

Key Concepts

Comparative Genomics

Comparative genomics is the field of study that involves comparing the genomic features of different organisms to identify similarities and differences. This approach helps researchers understand evolutionary relationships and functional elements within genomes. By analyzing conserved regions across species, scientists can pinpoint genes that may play critical roles in specific biological processes, such as disease susceptibility.

Candidate Loci

Candidate loci refer to specific regions of the genome that are hypothesized to contain genes associated with particular traits or diseases. In the context of hypertension, researchers identify these loci based on previous studies or genetic markers linked to the condition. Investigating these regions can provide insights into the genetic basis of complex diseases by revealing potential gene candidates for further functional analysis.

Gene Validation through Model Organisms

Using model organisms, such as rats and mice, allows researchers to validate findings from human studies by examining gene function and disease mechanisms in a controlled environment. These organisms often share significant genetic similarities with humans, making them valuable for testing hypotheses about gene involvement in diseases. By confirming the role of candidate genes in these models, researchers can strengthen the evidence for their relevance to human health.