Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Genetics51m
- 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
- 3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
- 4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
- 5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
- 6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
- 7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
- 8. DNA Replication1h 10m
- 9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
- 10. Transcription1h 0m
- 11. Translation58m
- 12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
- 13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
- 14. Genetic Control of Development44m
- 15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
- 16. Transposable Elements47m
- 17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
- 18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- 19. Cancer Genetics29m
- 20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
- 21. Population Genetics50m
- 22. Evolutionary Genetics29m
11. Translation
The Genetic Code
2:01 minutes
Problem 25c
Textbook Question
Textbook QuestionAn experiment by Khorana and his colleagues translated a synthetic mRNA containing repeats of the trinucelotide UUG.
How many reading frames are possible in this mRNA?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Reading Frames
A reading frame refers to the way nucleotides in mRNA are grouped into codons, which are sets of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids. Since mRNA can be read in three different ways depending on where the reading starts, each mRNA sequence can potentially have three distinct reading frames.
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Codons and Amino Acids
Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. The genetic code is universal, meaning that each codon corresponds to the same amino acid across different organisms, which is crucial for understanding how mRNA translates into proteins.
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Synthetic mRNA
Synthetic mRNA is artificially created RNA that can be designed to contain specific sequences of nucleotides. In the context of the experiment by Khorana, the synthetic mRNA with repeated UUG trinucleotides serves as a model to study how these sequences are translated into proteins and how different reading frames can affect the resulting polypeptide.
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