How do we know that eukaryotic transcription factors bind to DNA sequences at or near promoter regions?

How do we know that the orientation of promoters relative to the transcription start site is important while enhancers are orientation independent?

How do we know that promoter and enhancer sequences control the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes?

What is the experimental basis for concluding that puffs in polytene chromosomes and loops in lampbrush chromosomes are areas of intense transcription of RNA?

The diagram below shows a DNA duplex. The template strand is identified, as is the location of the nucleotide.

If this region is a eukaryotic gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III, where are the promoter consensus sequences located?

The diagram below shows a DNA duplex. The template strand is identified, as is the location of the nucleotide. consensus sequences.

Assume this region contains a gene transcribed to form mRNA in a eukaryote. Identify the location of the most common promoter.

The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:

3'-AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5'

Identify the direction in which the promoter region for this gene will be located.

The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:

3'-AUCGUCAUGCAGA-5'

Write out the sequence and polarity of the DNA duplex that encodes this mRNA segment. Label the template and coding DNA strands.