Compare and contrast the terms in each of the following pairs:

a polymorphic trait and a polymorphic gene

Key Concepts

Polymorphic Trait

A polymorphic trait refers to a characteristic in a population that exhibits two or more distinct forms or phenotypes. For example, in humans, traits like blood type or eye color can vary among individuals due to genetic differences. The presence of multiple phenotypes within a population indicates genetic diversity and can be influenced by environmental factors and evolutionary processes.

Polymorphic Gene

A polymorphic gene is a gene that exists in multiple allelic forms within a population. This genetic variation can lead to different phenotypes, as seen in traits governed by that gene. For instance, the gene responsible for blood type has multiple alleles (A, B, O), contributing to the polymorphism observed in blood types among individuals.

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in gene frequencies within a population, which is essential for evolution and adaptation. It arises from mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction, leading to differences in traits among individuals. Understanding genetic variation helps explain how polymorphic traits and genes contribute to the overall genetic landscape of a population.