Describe how populations with substantial genetic differences can form. What is the role of natural selection?

Key Concepts

Genetic Drift

Genetic drift refers to the random fluctuations in allele frequencies within a population, which can lead to significant genetic differences over time, especially in small populations. This process can result in the loss of genetic variation and the fixation of certain alleles, contributing to the divergence of populations.

Natural Selection

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environments. This mechanism can drive genetic differences as certain traits become more common in a population, influencing its evolutionary trajectory.

Isolation Mechanisms

Isolation mechanisms, such as geographic, temporal, or behavioral isolation, prevent gene flow between populations. When populations are isolated, they can evolve independently, leading to the accumulation of genetic differences and potentially resulting in speciation over time.