Define each of the following terms:

modern synthesis of evolution

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1. The modern synthesis of evolution is an integrated theory that combines Darwin's theory of natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
2. It emphasizes the role of genetic variation and recombination in populations as the raw material for evolution.
3. The modern synthesis explains how evolutionary processes such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection lead to changes in allele frequencies over time.
4. It incorporates the understanding of how genetic inheritance works at the molecular level, including the role of DNA and genes.
5. The modern synthesis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the mechanisms of evolution and the diversity of life on Earth.

Key Concepts

Modern Synthesis of Evolution

The Modern Synthesis of Evolution is a comprehensive theory that integrates Darwin's theory of natural selection with Mendelian genetics. It emphasizes that evolution occurs through changes in allele frequencies within populations over time, driven by mechanisms such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. This synthesis provides a genetic basis for evolutionary change, bridging the gap between evolutionary biology and genetics.

Natural Selection

Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over generations, these traits become more common in the population, leading to adaptation to the environment. This process explains how species evolve and adapt to changing conditions, contributing to the diversity of life on Earth.

Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian genetics refers to the principles of heredity established by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants. It describes how traits are inherited through discrete units called genes, which exist in different forms known as alleles. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment explain how genetic variation occurs, providing a foundation for understanding inheritance patterns in populations and their role in evolution.