For parts (a), (b), and (c) of this problem, draw a diagram illustrating the alleles on homologous chromosomes for the genotypes given, assuming in each case that the genes reside on the chromosome in the order written. For parts (d) and (e), give the information requested.

the gametes produced by an organism with the genotype Rt/rT

Key Concepts

Homologous Chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have the same structure and gene sequence but may carry different alleles. Each parent contributes one chromosome to the pair, resulting in genetic variation. Understanding the arrangement of alleles on these chromosomes is crucial for predicting gamete formation and inheritance patterns.

Alleles

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. In the context of the genotype Rt/rT, 'R' and 'r' represent different alleles for one gene, while 't' and 'T' represent different alleles for another gene. The combination of these alleles determines the organism's traits and is essential for understanding how gametes are formed.

Gamete Formation

Gamete formation, or gametogenesis, is the process by which diploid cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes. In the case of the genotype Rt/rT, the alleles segregate during meiosis, leading to the formation of gametes that carry one allele from each gene. Understanding this process is key to predicting the genetic makeup of offspring and the inheritance of traits.