Some critics have warned that the use of gene therapy to correct genetic disorders will affect the course of human evolution. Evaluate this criticism in light of what you know about population genetics and evolution, distinguishing between somatic gene therapy and germ-line gene therapy.

Key Concepts

Population Genetics

Population genetics is the study of genetic variation within populations and involves the examination of allele frequency changes under the influence of evolutionary processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Understanding population genetics is crucial for evaluating how gene therapy might impact genetic diversity and evolutionary trajectories in human populations.

Somatic vs. Germ-Line Gene Therapy

Somatic gene therapy involves altering the genes in somatic (non-reproductive) cells, affecting only the individual treated and not passed to future generations. In contrast, germ-line gene therapy modifies the genes in germ cells (sperm or eggs), which can be inherited by offspring. This distinction is vital for assessing the long-term evolutionary implications of gene therapy on human populations.

Evolutionary Impact of Gene Therapy

The evolutionary impact of gene therapy refers to how interventions in genetic disorders might influence the genetic makeup of future generations. Critics argue that germ-line modifications could lead to unintended consequences on human evolution, such as altering natural selection pressures. Evaluating these potential impacts requires a deep understanding of evolutionary theory and genetic principles.