Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion, using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. d. IF₄⁺

Verified step by step guidance

1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in IF_4^+. Iodine (I) has 7 valence electrons, each fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons, and the positive charge indicates a loss of one electron.
2. Calculate the total number of valence electrons: 7 (from I) + 4*7 (from 4 F atoms) - 1 (due to the positive charge) = 34 valence electrons.
3. Use the VSEPR theory to determine the electron geometry. The central iodine atom is surrounded by 4 fluorine atoms and has one lone pair, which corresponds to a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry.
4. Determine the molecular geometry by considering the lone pair. With one lone pair, the molecular geometry becomes seesaw-shaped.
5. Sketch the molecule using the bond conventions: draw the central iodine atom, place the four fluorine atoms around it, and indicate the lone pair. Use solid lines for bonds in the plane, wedges for bonds coming out of the plane, and dashed lines for bonds going into the plane.

Key Concepts

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes. This theory is essential for determining the geometry of molecules like IF4+.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom. For IF4+, understanding its geometry involves recognizing that it has a central iodine atom surrounded by four fluorine atoms and considering the presence of lone pairs that influence the overall shape.

Bonding and Lone Pairs

In molecular structures, bonding pairs are the pairs of electrons shared between atoms, while lone pairs are the pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding. The presence of lone pairs can significantly affect the molecular geometry by altering bond angles and the overall shape. In the case of IF4+, the arrangement of bonding and lone pairs will dictate its final geometry, which is crucial for accurate representation.