Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions

Problem 25d

Chapter 13, Problem 25d

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine whether the addition of 40.0 g of each of the following ionic solids to 100 g of water at 40 °C will lead to a saturated solution: (d) Pb(NO₃)₂.

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Identify the solubility of Pb(NO_3)_2 in water at 40 °C from Figure 13.15.

Determine the maximum amount of Pb(NO_3)_2 that can dissolve in 100 g of water at 40 °C using the solubility data.

Compare the given amount of Pb(NO_3)_2 (40.0 g) to the maximum amount that can dissolve.

If 40.0 g is less than or equal to the maximum solubility, the solution is unsaturated or just saturated.

If 40.0 g is greater than the maximum solubility, the solution is saturated and excess solid will remain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Solubility

Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature. It is typically expressed in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent. Understanding solubility is crucial for determining whether a solution can become saturated, meaning no more solute can dissolve in the solvent.

Saturated Solution

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent at a given temperature and pressure. When additional solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve and will remain undissolved. Identifying whether a solution is saturated is essential for predicting the behavior of solutes in a solvent.

Ionic Compounds and Their Solubility

Ionic compounds, such as Pb(NO3)2, dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. The solubility of these compounds varies widely based on their chemical nature and the temperature of the solvent. Knowledge of the solubility rules for ionic compounds helps predict whether a specific ionic solid will dissolve in water, which is key to answering the question about saturation.

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Soluble Ionic Solutes

Related Practice

Textbook Question

KBr is relatively soluble in water, yet its enthalpy of solution is + 19.8 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for this behavior? (a) Potassium salts are always soluble in water. (b) The entropy of mixing must be unfavorable. (c) The enthalpy of mixing must be small compared to the enthalpies for breaking up water–water interactions and K–Br ionic interactions. (d) KBr has a high molar mass compared to other salts like NaCl.

The solubility of Cr1NO323 # 9 H2O in water is 208 g per 100 g of water at 15 °C. A solution of Cr1NO323 # 9 H2O in water at 35 °C is formed by dissolving 324 g in 100 g of water. When this solution is slowly cooled to 15 °C, no precipitate forms. (b) You take a metal spatula and scratch the side of the glass vessel that contains this cooled solution, and crystals start to appear. What has just happened?

Textbook Question

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine whether the addition of 40.0 g of each of the following ionic solids to 100 g of water at 40 °C will lead to a saturated solution:(c) K₂Cr₂O₇

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Textbook Question

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine the mass of each of the following salts required to form a saturated solution in 250 g of water at 30 °C: (b) Pb(NO₃)₂,

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Textbook Question

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine the mass of each of the following salts required to form a saturated solution in 250 g of water at 30 °C: (c) Ce₂(SO₄)₃.

Consider water and glycerol, CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH. (b) List the intermolecular attractions that occur between a water molecule and a glycerol molecule.

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine whether the addition of 40.0 g of each of the following ionic solids to 100 g of water at 40 °C will lead to a saturated solution: (d) Pb(NO3)2.

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Key Concepts

Solubility

Saturated Solution

Ionic Compounds and Their Solubility

By referring to Figure 13.15, determine whether the addition of 40.0 g of each of the following ionic solids to 100 g of water at 40 °C will lead to a saturated solution: (d) Pb(NO₃)₂.