Israel has built plants that turn seawater into freshwater. Calculate the maximum volume of freshwater that can be obtained from 1.25 L of seawater if the reverse osmosis equipment in the plant exerts a maximum pressure of 105.0 atm. Assume that seawater is composed only of 0.540 M NaCl and 0.072 M CaCl₂ which are completely dissociated, and that the temperature of the water is only 25 °C. 

At 25 °C, the osmotic pressure of red blood cells is 7.38 atm. For a white blood cell solution, what should be its molarity to have the same osmotic pressure as red blood cells?

Domestic reverse osmosis systems are becoming more and more common in cities where access to clean drinking water is limited. Assume that the feed water for such a system has a salt concentration of 0.345 M. What is the minimum pressure that needs to be applied to the membrane of the system to reduce this salt concentration to 0.113 M at 28.0 °C?

A 0.150 M solution of cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl₂) has an osmotic pressure of 11.0 atm at 25.0 °C. What is the value of the van't Hoff factor for this solution?

Calculate the percent mass to volume for a solution containing RbCl at 25 °C if an isotonic solution contains 1.21 % KCl mass to volume.  Assume a van't Hoff factor of 1.7.