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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics

Chapter 19, Problem 12

Which of the following processes are spontaneous?

a. the melting of ice cubes at −10 °C and 1 atm pressure

b. separating a mixture of N2 and O2 into two separate samples, one that is pure N2 and one that is pure O2

c. alignment of iron filings in a magnetic field

d. the reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas to form water vapor at room temperature

e. the dissolution of HCl(g) in water to form concentrated hydrochloric acid

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