In this video, we'll take a look at the functional groups without carbonyls. Now, a carbonyl group represents a carbon double bonded to an oxygen, so it's represented as C=O. Functional groups without a carbonyl group are recognizable by the presence of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen. Remember, your halogens are in Group 7A, so they're represented as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. So a good way to remember this is sun, halogens, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and the halogens.
If we take a look down here, we're looking at the what's marked in red. That's kind of like a landmark that helps us to identify that particular functional group. So if we take a look here, if you have a single bonded carbon, so the carbon only has single bonds and it's connected to an OH, that represents an alcohol for the next one. If you have single bonded carbons, alright single body carbons, and they're both connected to the same oxygen making COC, then that is an ether.
For the next one, the landmark is the nitrogen. If we have a single bonded nitrogen connected to hydrogen's then that represents an amine. Now typically you'll see nitrogen could have one hydrogen or two or three hydrogens. Next we have carbon connected to X. What does X represent? Well, X is just a placeholder that represents any of the halogens, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. So if you have a single bonded carbon here connected to one of the halogens, then we call that an alkyl halid, so it's called an alkyl halid.
Then finally, if you have a single bonded carbon, single bonded carbon that is connected to an SH group, then we call that a thiol O here. These represent the most common types of functional groups that have sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen or halogen, but no carbonyl group. So keep these in mind when you run across them while looking at different functional groups.