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Ch.13 - Solutions
All textbooksTro 4th EditionCh.13 - SolutionsProblem 32
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Chapter 13, Problem 32

Which molecule would you expect to be more soluble in water: CCl4 or CH2Cl2?

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1
Identify the key property that affects solubility in water: polarity. Water is a polar solvent, so polar molecules are generally more soluble in water than nonpolar molecules.
Examine the molecular structure of CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride). It is a symmetrical molecule with four chlorine atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. This symmetry makes CCl4 a nonpolar molecule.
Examine the molecular structure of CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane). It has two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. The presence of the more electronegative chlorine atoms creates a dipole moment, making CH2Cl2 a polar molecule.
Compare the polarity of the two molecules: CCl4 is nonpolar, while CH2Cl2 is polar. Since water is a polar solvent, it will better dissolve polar substances.
Conclude that CH2Cl2, being polar, is expected to be more soluble in water than CCl4, which is nonpolar.
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Open Question
When ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is dissolved in water, the solution becomes colder: a. Is the dissolution of ammonium chloride endothermic or exothermic? b. What can you conclude about the relative magnitudes of the lattice energy of ammonium chloride and its heat of hydration? c. Sketch a qualitative energy diagram similar to Figure 13.7 for the dissolution of NH4Cl. d. Why does the solution form? What drives the process?