A railroad tank car derails and spills 36 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid. The acid is 98.0 mass% H 2 SO 4 and has a density of 1.836 g/mL. (a) What is the molarity of the acid?

Hey everyone. Our question here states that white gold is an alloy made up of gold and palladium a bar of 14 Karat gold has a density of 16.5 g over cubic cm and contains 58.3% gold and 41.7% palladium by mass. What is the Mueller concentration of gold in the solution For this question? We're going to go ahead and assume that we have 100 g of Karat gold and this is going to make it easier for us to convert our percentages into grams. Starting off with our 58.3% of gold, we're going to say that we have 58.3 g of gold using gold atomic mass of 1 96.967 g per one mole. We're going to convert this into moles of gold. When we calculate this out, we end up with a total of 0.2960 mol of gold. And since we're looking for the Mueller concentration of gold, we need to calculate the volume. To calculate our volume, we can go ahead and start off with our 100 g since we assumed that we had 100 g of 14 Karat gold. Using our density for a dimensional analysis, we have 16.5 g per one cc and we know that one cc is the same as one millimeter. Now we want to convert this into leaders and we know that 10 to the third male leaders is the same as one leader. So calculating this out and canceling out our units, we end up with a volume Of 6.0606 times 10 to the negative 3rd leaders. Now to calculate our molar concentration of our gold, we're going to take 0.2960 mole of gold and divide this by 6.606 times 10 to the negative third Leaders. When we calculate this out, we end up with a polarity of 48.8 molar of our gold and this is going to be our final answer. So I hope this made sense and let us know if you have any questions.

Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria

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McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria

Problem 153a

Chapter 17, Problem 153a

A railroad tank car derails and spills 36 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid. The acid is 98.0 mass% H₂SO₄ and has a density of 1.836 g/mL. (a) What is the molarity of the acid?

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Convert the mass of sulfuric acid from tons to grams. Since 1 ton is equal to 907,185 grams, multiply 36 tons by 907,185 grams/ton to get the total mass in grams.

Calculate the mass of pure \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) using the percentage concentration. Multiply the total mass of the solution by 0.98 (98.0%) to find the mass of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \).

Use the density of the solution to find its volume. Divide the total mass of the solution (in grams) by the density (1.836 g/mL) to get the volume in milliliters.

Convert the volume from milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000, since molarity is expressed in moles per liter.

Calculate the molarity by dividing the number of moles of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) by the volume of the solution in liters. To find the number of moles, divide the mass of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) by its molar mass (98.079 g/mol).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molarity

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L) and is crucial for understanding how much solute is present in a given volume of solution. To calculate molarity, one must know the amount of solute in moles and the total volume of the solution in liters.

Density

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume, typically expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). In this context, the density of the sulfuric acid solution allows us to convert the mass of the acid into a volume, which is essential for calculating molarity. Understanding density is key to relating mass and volume in solution chemistry.

Mass Percent Composition

Mass percent composition indicates the percentage of a specific component in a mixture based on mass. In this case, the sulfuric acid solution is 98.0 mass% H2SO4, meaning that 98 grams of sulfuric acid are present in every 100 grams of the solution. This concept is important for determining the actual mass of H2SO4 in the solution, which is necessary for calculating the number of moles and ultimately the molarity.

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Textbook Question

A railroad tank car derails and spills 36 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid. The acid is 98.0 mass% H₂SO₄ and has a density of 1.836 g/mL. (b) How many kilograms of sodium carbonate are needed to completely neutralize the acid?

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Some progressive hair coloring products marketed to men, such as Grecian Formula 16, contain lead acetate Pb(CH3CO2)2. As the coloring solution is rubbed on the hhair, the Pb2+ ions react with the sulfur atoms in hair proteins to give lead(II) sulfide (PbS), which is black. A typical coloring solution contains 0.3 mass% Pb(CH3CO2)2, and about 2 mL of the solution is used per application. (b) Suppose the hair is washed with shampoo and water that has pH = 5.50. How many washings would be required to remove 50% of the black color? Assume that 3 gal of water is used per washing and that the water becomes saturated with PbS. (c) Does the calculated number of washings look reason-able, given that frequent application of the coloring solution is recommended? What process(es) in addition to dissolution might contribute to the loss of color?

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Some progressive hair coloring products marketed to men, such as Grecian Formula 16, contain lead acetate Pb(CH₃CO₂)₂. As the coloring solution is rubbed on the hair, the Pb²⁺ ions react with the sulfur atoms in hair proteins to give lead(II) sulfide (PbS), which is black. A typical coloring solution contains 0.3 mass% Pb(CH₃CO₂)₂, and about 2 mL of the solution is used per application. (a) Assuming that 30% of the Pb(CH₃CO₂)₂ is converted to PbS, how many milligrams of PbS are formed per application of the coloring solution?

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A railroad tank car derails and spills 36 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid. The acid is 98.0 mass% H2SO4 and has a density of 1.836 g/mL. (a) What is the molarity of the acid?

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Molarity

Density

Mass Percent Composition

A railroad tank car derails and spills 36 tons of concentrated sulfuric acid. The acid is 98.0 mass% H₂SO₄ and has a density of 1.836 g/mL. (a) What is the molarity of the acid?