Using the qualitative analysis flowchart in Figure 17.18
, tell how you could separate the following pairs of ions. (a) Ag+ and Cu2+

Verified step by step guidance

1. Add HCl to the unknown solution of metal ions. This will precipitate Group I cations, including Ag+ as AgCl.
2. Filter the solution to separate the Group I precipitate (AgCl) from the remaining solution.
3. The remaining solution contains Group II-V ions, including Cu2+.
4. To confirm the presence of Cu2+, add H2S to the filtrate. Cu2+ will precipitate as CuS.
5. Filter the solution again to separate the CuS precipitate from the remaining solution.

Key Concepts

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is a method used in chemistry to identify the presence of certain ions or compounds in a sample. It involves a series of tests and procedures that help distinguish between different metal cations based on their chemical behavior, such as solubility and precipitation reactions. This approach is essential for separating and identifying ions in a mixture, as illustrated in the flowchart.

Precipitation Reactions

Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble salts react to form an insoluble compound, known as a precipitate. In the context of the flowchart, adding reagents like HCl or H2S leads to the formation of precipitates that can be filtered out, allowing for the separation of specific metal ions, such as Ag+ and Cu2+. Understanding these reactions is crucial for effectively using the qualitative analysis flowchart.

Group Separation in Qualitative Analysis

In qualitative analysis, metal cations are often categorized into groups based on their chemical properties and the reagents used for their separation. The flowchart outlines different groups (I to V) and the specific conditions under which certain ions precipitate. For example, Ag+ precipitates with Cl- ions, while Cu2+ can be separated using H2S. This systematic grouping aids in the efficient identification and separation of metal ions.