Open Question
The element bromine was first prepared by oxidation of aqueous potassium bromide with solid manganese(IV) oxide. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction in an aqueous acidic solution. Mn2+ is also formed.
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
Chapter 22, Problem 149a,b
Niobium reacts with fluorine at room temperature to give a solid binary compound that is 49.44% Nb by mass. (a) What is the empirical formula of the compound? (b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Determine the mass percentage of fluorine in the compound. Since the compound is 49.44% niobium (Nb) by mass, the percentage of fluorine (F) is 100% - 49.44% = 50.56%.
Step 2: Convert the mass percentages to moles. Assume you have 100 grams of the compound. This means you have 49.44 grams of Nb and 50.56 grams of F. Use the molar masses: Nb (92.91 g/mol) and F (19.00 g/mol) to convert grams to moles.
Step 3: Calculate the mole ratio of Nb to F. Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles calculated in the previous step to find the simplest whole number ratio.
Step 4: Write the empirical formula based on the mole ratio. The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound.
Step 5: Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of niobium with fluorine. Use the empirical formula to determine the product and balance the equation by ensuring the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Related Practice
Open Question
The first preparation of chlorine was similar to the synthesis of elemental bromine (Problem 22.146). A later method entailed the reaction of hydrogen chloride and oxygen at 400 °C. Write a balanced equation for the reaction. (Water is also formed.)
Open Question
Reaction of titanium and chlorine at 300 °C yields a metal halide that is 25.25% Ti by mass. The melting point (124 °C) and boiling point (136 °C) of the halide suggest it is a molecular compound rather than an ionic one. (a) What are the formula and name of the compound, assuming the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula? (b) Write the balanced equation for the reaction.
Textbook Question
Niobium reacts with fluorine at room temperature to give a solid binary compound that is 49.44% Nb by mass.
(c) The compound reacts with hydrogen to regenerate niobium. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
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Open Question
Write the formula for chlorous acid and indicate the oxidation state of the halogen.
Open Question
Write an electron-dot structure for each of the following molecules or ions and predict the geometrical structure: (a) HIO3 (b) ClO2- (c) HOCl (d) IO6^5-