Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) p orbitals can only make σ or σ* molecular orbitals.

Key Concepts

p Orbitals

P orbitals are one of the types of atomic orbitals that have a dumbbell shape and are oriented along the x, y, and z axes. Each p orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons and is involved in bonding through the overlap with other orbitals. Understanding the characteristics of p orbitals is essential for predicting how they participate in molecular bonding.

Molecular Orbitals

Molecular orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals combine during the bonding process. They can be classified as bonding (σ) or antibonding (σ*), depending on whether the overlap of atomic orbitals leads to a lower or higher energy state, respectively. The formation of these orbitals is crucial for understanding the stability and reactivity of molecules.

σ and σ* Bonding

σ (sigma) bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of orbitals, allowing for strong bonding between atoms, while σ* (sigma star) represents the antibonding counterpart, which destabilizes the bond. P orbitals can participate in the formation of both σ and π bonds, but the statement in the question incorrectly limits their role to only σ and σ* molecular orbitals.