Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molarity (M)
Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). To prepare a solution of a specific molarity, one must calculate the amount of solute needed based on the desired volume and molarity, which is crucial for diluting concentrated solutions.
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Dilution
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent. The dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2, relates the initial and final molarities (M1 and M2) and volumes (V1 and V2) of the solution. Understanding this concept is essential for accurately preparing solutions from concentrated stock.
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Density and Mass Percent
Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume, often expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL). Mass percent indicates the mass of solute in a given mass of solution. For hydrochloric acid, knowing its density and mass percent allows one to calculate the mass of HCl in a specific volume of concentrated solution, which is necessary for preparing the desired diluted solution.
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