Table of contents
- 0. Review of Algebra4h 16m
- 1. Equations & Inequalities3h 18m
- 2. Graphs of Equations43m
- 3. Functions2h 17m
- 4. Polynomial Functions1h 44m
- 5. Rational Functions1h 23m
- 6. Exponential & Logarithmic Functions2h 28m
- 7. Systems of Equations & Matrices4h 6m
- 8. Conic Sections2h 23m
- 9. Sequences, Series, & Induction1h 19m
- 10. Combinatorics & Probability1h 45m
6. Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Problem 29b
Textbook Question
Graph each function. See Example 2. ƒ(x) = (1/3)^x
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1
Identify the type of function: The function \( f(x) = \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^x \) is an exponential function with a base of \( \frac{1}{3} \).
Determine the y-intercept: For exponential functions of the form \( a^x \), the y-intercept is at \( (0, 1) \) because \( a^0 = 1 \). Thus, \( f(0) = 1 \).
Analyze the behavior of the function: Since the base \( \frac{1}{3} \) is between 0 and 1, the function is decreasing. As \( x \) increases, \( f(x) \) approaches 0, and as \( x \) decreases, \( f(x) \) increases.
Plot key points: Calculate a few values to plot, such as \( f(1) = \frac{1}{3} \), \( f(2) = \frac{1}{9} \), and \( f(-1) = 3 \). These points will help in sketching the graph.
Draw the graph: Use the y-intercept and the calculated points to sketch the curve, showing the decreasing nature of the function as it approaches the x-axis but never touches it.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Exponential Functions
Exponential functions are mathematical expressions in the form f(x) = a^x, where 'a' is a positive constant. These functions exhibit rapid growth or decay depending on whether 'a' is greater than or less than 1. In the case of f(x) = (1/3)^x, the base is less than 1, indicating that the function will decay as x increases.
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Graphing Techniques
Graphing techniques involve plotting points on a coordinate plane to visualize the behavior of a function. For exponential functions, key points can be calculated by substituting values of x into the function. Understanding how to identify intercepts, asymptotes, and the general shape of the graph is essential for accurate representation.
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Graphs and Coordinates - Example
Asymptotic Behavior
Asymptotic behavior refers to the tendency of a function to approach a line or value as x approaches infinity or negative infinity. For the function f(x) = (1/3)^x, as x increases, the function approaches zero but never actually reaches it, indicating a horizontal asymptote at y = 0. Recognizing this behavior is crucial for understanding the long-term trends of the graph.
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Introduction to Asymptotes
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