Hi. In this video, we're going to be talking about the chloroplast. So the chloroplast is really important for photosynthesis, and it has a distinctive structure, very similar to the mitochondria. The first thing is it's surrounded by two membranes. This is exactly the same as the mitochondria. It contains the outer membrane, inner membrane, and intermembrane space. And then, these have pretty much the exact same characteristics as the ones in the mitochondria. Now we start getting into a very unique structure of the chloroplast. So that's going to be the stroma, which is the internal space of the chloroplast. The stroma is filled with things called thylakoids, which are flat discs where photosynthesis takes place. And then you have grana, which are stacks of thylakoids. An interesting thing about thylakoids is that they can be connected together to form a single large compartment. So here we have our chloroplasts. You can see there's an outer membrane here, there's an inner membrane here, and the intermembrane space is here. You have the stroma, which is going to be the internal region or space of the chloroplast. You have a thylakoid, which is going to be a single disc here. You have a granum, which are sort of a stack of different thylakoids, this one has three, so 1, 2, 3. And then, each of these thylakoids can be connected together through these kinds of discs to form a single compartment. Now the important part here is that the thylakoid is the site of photosynthesis. That is important. Now, the chloroplast is unique because it is one member of a special family called the plastid family of plant organelles. And plastids are unique because all plastids come from what's known as a proplastid, and so these are just organelles that are kind of undifferentiated. So we think of undifferentiated cells, well, plastids come from proplastids, which are undifferentiated organelles, and they're present in rapidly dividing plant cells. And so, there are many different types of plastids other than the chloroplasts. There are chromoplasts, which contain other types of light-absorbing pigments. There are amyloplasts, which store starch. So there are different types of plastids, and chloroplast is one. So for instance, what we have here is we have our proplastid, and it's just shown as this kind of undifferentiated blob of something that will become an organelle. And eventually, these evolve. They become different types of plastids. So chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, proteinoplasts, all these different types of plastids can form from a proplastid. But the chloroplast is the one that we're really going to talk about because it's crucial for photosynthesis. So with that, let's
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Chloroplast - Online Tutor, Practice Problems & Exam Prep
The chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis, featuring a double membrane structure similar to mitochondria, comprising an outer membrane, inner membrane, and intermembrane space. Inside, the stroma contains thylakoids, where photosynthesis occurs, organized into stacks called grana. Chloroplasts belong to the plastid family, originating from proplastids, which can differentiate into various types, including chromoplasts and amyloplasts. Understanding chloroplast structure and function is crucial for grasping plant energy conversion processes and the role of chlorophyll in light absorption.
Chloroplast
Video transcript
Match the following term with it's definition
a. Stroma _________________
b. Thylakoids ________________
c. Grana ________________
i. Stacks of thylakoids
ii. Internal space of the chloroplast
iii. Flat discs that are the sites of photosynthesis
Problem Transcript
Which of the following plastids lacks chlorophyll but contains carotenoids?