Hi. In this video, we're going to be talking about DNA versus RNA. So for most of this, you're going to know, but we're just going to review some of the ways in which RNA differs from DNA. One way is that RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine. Also, RNAs are commonly found as single-stranded polymers compared to the DNA, which is double-stranded. Now, this isn't entirely true; there are double-stranded RNAs, of course, but they're more commonly found as single-stranded sequences. RNAs have a really unique ability as they can form these complex three-dimensional structures, whereas DNA usually only forms as a double helix. A couple of these structures include hairpins, which are very small, just 5 to 10 nucleotides, pairing with each other. And then there's also the larger stem-loops, which can be larger than 10 nucleotides. And then, a really cool activity is that these 3D RNA molecules have certain catalytic activities. We term these RNAs ribozymes because they are essentially RNA enzymes, and DNAs do not do this at all. So whereas the DNA is typically seen as a double helix. When we're really looking at RNA, this is how you're going to see it. This is actually, if you're interested, a TR RNA molecule or transfer RNA molecule. You don't need to know that. Just know that it has a 3D structure with loops that interact and bind together, and this RNA can carry out different catalytic activities, whereas DNA would not be able to. So, let's move on.
Table of contents
- 1. Overview of Cell Biology2h 49m
- 2. Chemical Components of Cells1h 14m
- 3. Energy1h 33m
- 4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes2h 31m
- 5. DNA to RNA to Protein2h 31m
- 6. Proteins1h 36m
- 7. Gene Expression1h 42m
- 8. Membrane Structure1h 4m
- 9. Transport Across Membranes1h 52m
- 10. Anerobic Respiration1h 5m
- 11. Aerobic Respiration1h 11m
- 12. Photosynthesis52m
- 13. Intracellular Protein Transport2h 18m
- Membrane Enclosed Organelles19m
- Protein Sorting9m
- ER Processing and Transport20m
- Golgi Processing and Transport17m
- Vesicular Budding, Transport, and Coat Proteins15m
- Targeting Proteins to the Mitochondria and Chloroplast7m
- Lysosomal and Degradation Pathways10m
- Endocytic Pathways21m
- Exocytosis6m
- Peroxisomes5m
- Plant Vacuole4m
- 14. Cell Signaling1h 28m
- 15. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement1h 39m
- 16. Cell Division3h 5m
- 17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction50m
- 18. Cell Junctions and Tissues48m
- 19. Stem Cells13m
- 20. Cancer44m
- 21. The Immune System1h 6m
- 22. Techniques in Cell Biology1h 41m
- The Light Microscope5m
- Electron Microscopy6m
- The Use of Radioisotopes4m
- Cell Culture8m
- Isolation and Purification of Proteins7m
- Studying Proteins9m
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization2m
- DNA Cloning12m
- Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR6m
- DNA Sequencing5m
- DNA libraries5m
- DNA Transfer into Cells2m
- Tracking Protein Movement2m
- RNA interference4m
- Genetic Screens13m
- Bioinformatics3m
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes
DNA vs. RNA
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes
DNA vs. RNA - Online Tutor, Practice Problems & Exam Prep
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RNA differs from DNA primarily in its use of uracil instead of thymine and its common single-stranded structure, allowing for complex three-dimensional shapes like hairpins and stem loops. These structures enable RNA to perform catalytic activities, termed ribozymes, which DNA cannot do. Understanding these differences is crucial for grasping the roles of RNA in processes such as protein synthesis and gene regulation, highlighting the significance of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) in cellular functions.
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concept
RNA
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Video transcript
2
Problem
ProblemWhich of the following is not a property of RNA?
A
Contains the base Uracil instead of Thymine
B
RNA can form 3D structures with complex functions
C
RNA is commonly found as a double helix
D
RNA can act as enzymes
3
Problem
ProblemWhich of the following differences between RNA and DNA is not true?
A
RNA has Uracil, DNA has Thymine
B
RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
C
RNA can act as an enzyme, DNA cannot act as an enzyme
D
RNA contains the base cytosine, DNA contains the base Uracil