- 0. Functions7h 52m
- Introduction to Functions16m
- Piecewise Functions10m
- Properties of Functions9m
- Common Functions1h 8m
- Transformations5m
- Combining Functions27m
- Exponent rules32m
- Exponential Functions28m
- Logarithmic Functions24m
- Properties of Logarithms34m
- Exponential & Logarithmic Equations35m
- Introduction to Trigonometric Functions38m
- Graphs of Trigonometric Functions44m
- Trigonometric Identities47m
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions48m
- 1. Limits and Continuity2h 2m
- 2. Intro to Derivatives1h 33m
- 3. Techniques of Differentiation3h 18m
- 4. Applications of Derivatives2h 38m
- 5. Graphical Applications of Derivatives6h 2m
- 6. Derivatives of Inverse, Exponential, & Logarithmic Functions2h 37m
- 7. Antiderivatives & Indefinite Integrals1h 26m
- 8. Definite Integrals3h 25m
0. Functions
Transformations
Problem 54e
Textbook Question
Describe how each graph is obtained from the graph of 𝔂 = ƒ(x).
e. 𝔂 = ƒ( x ) - 4
3

1
Start with the graph of the function \( y = f(x) \). This is your base graph from which transformations will be applied.
The expression \( y = f(x) - 4 \) indicates a vertical shift. Specifically, subtracting 4 from the function means you will shift the entire graph of \( y = f(x) \) downward by 4 units.
To visualize this, take each point \((x, y)\) on the original graph and move it to \((x, y-4)\). This will lower every point on the graph by 4 units.
Ensure that the shape and orientation of the graph remain unchanged; only the position is altered by this vertical shift.
Finally, sketch the new graph to confirm the transformation. The graph should look identical to the original, just shifted down by 4 units on the y-axis.
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