MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base? a. hydroxyl b. carbonyl c. amino d. phosphate

Video transcript

Welcome back. The next question says which of the following functional groups acts as the strongest base. So a good starting point here is to remind ourselves of what a base does in solution. We recall that a base accepts hydrogen ions from solution or donates minus ions. Where as an acid donates H plus ions or accepts O. H minus ions. So with that in mind let's look at our answer choices and see which functional groups act as bases or assets. And then of the basis which is the strongest base, which is what we're looking for. So choice is a carbon eel group. I'm gonna draw that in blue here consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and this can act as a basin solution. That oxygen with its lone pairs is quite electro negative. So it can pick up hydrogen ion from solution. However, that leaves a positive charge on the central carbon here and carbons are not very happy with a positive charge. So this form is relatively unstable and when a compound acts as a base, the it forms its conjugate acid and when the conjugate acid is unstable. As in this situation that means the original compound is a weak base, It's not all that likely to act as a base since that resultant conjugate acid is unstable. So we're not going to eliminate the carbon group because it can act as a base but we're kind of set it aside and see if we have a stronger candidate further down. So let's look at our next choice. The car boxing group will do that in green. I'm just gonna put that over here has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen but then an O. H. Group attached on the other side. And this combat actually accident acid that hydrogen can be donated to solution as an H plus ion. And with the result that we get this carbon still with its double bond to an oxygen and then negatively charged oxygen over here. Um and that form is actually quite stable due to the phenomenon of resonance. Um you might recall that in a benzene ring, how you have the electrons shared around the ring. Do those alternating double and single bonds. And in this case this can exist in these two forms with a double bond on different oxygen's and the electrons here shared among the carbon and two oxygen. That makes this form quite stable, meaning that the car boxful group will definitely act as an acid not a base. So we can go ahead and eliminate Choice B because we're looking for a strong base. Now look down at the hydroxyl group choice C gonna draw that in purple that consists of an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen. And this oxygen here with its double bonds as we see again, allows us to act as a base. Um can pick up another hydrogen from solution as a pick up a hydrogen I am but that actually leaves a positive charge on this central oxygen and oxygen being electro negative is definitely unhappy with that positive charge. Making this conjugate acid form unstable. Which as we saw means that the original compound is a weak base. So again we'll sort of set that aside. We're looking for a strong strongest base. So choice D. Will go onto that. The amino group has a nitrogen with two hydrogen bonded to it and H. Two. As we recall, nitrogen has five valence electrons. That leads to more sitting as this lone pair on the nitrogen. And that lone pair is very happy to pick up an electron less hydrogen ion from solution. And that gives us the quite stable positively charged N. H. Three ion, nitrogen is not as electro negative. It's pretty content sitting here with a positive charge. So this is a very stable conjugate asset, meaning that N. H two is definitely the strongest base of our three choices here. So we're going to pick, go ahead and eliminate are too weak bases A and C. Carbon allen hydroxyl and we will choose the amino group choice D. As our answer. Hope to see you in the next video