Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots? a. mycorrhizae b. pumping through plasmodesmata c. active uptake by vessel elements d. rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question. The question is asking which of the given options is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots.
2. Step 2: Review each option. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants. The fungi colonize the root system of a host plant, providing increased water and nutrient absorption capabilities.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the other options. Pumping through plasmodesmata, active uptake by vessel elements, and rhythmic contractions by cells in the root cortex are not adaptations that enhance the uptake of water and minerals by roots.
4. Step 4: Make your choice based on your evaluation. In this case, the correct answer is 'mycorrhizae' because it is a symbiotic relationship that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots.
5. Step 5: Confirm your answer. Mycorrhizae are indeed a well-known adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots.

Key Concepts

Mycorrhizae

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient and water uptake. The fungal hyphae extend the root system's reach, increasing the surface area for absorption. This relationship allows plants to access more minerals, particularly phosphorus, and improves overall plant health and growth.

Active Uptake

Active uptake refers to the process by which plants absorb water and minerals against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP. This mechanism is crucial for the uptake of essential nutrients like potassium and nitrate, which are vital for various physiological processes in plants.

Plasmodesmata

Plasmodesmata are microscopic channels that traverse the cell walls of plant cells, allowing for the transport of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules between cells. While they facilitate intercellular communication and nutrient distribution, they are not primarily involved in the direct uptake of water and minerals from the soil.