Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells? a. binary fission b. endospore formation c. biofilms d. photoautotrophy

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key term: Metabolic cooperation refers to the interaction between cells where they work together to share resources, enhance survival, and perform functions that individual cells cannot.
2. Analyze the options: Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by division into two parts, not involving cooperation. Endospore formation is a process where certain bacteria produce resistant cells to withstand unfavorable conditions, also not requiring cooperation.
3. Continue analyzing the options: Photoautotrophy is a mode of nutrition where organisms use light energy to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials, typically performed independently by individual cells.
4. Identify the correct option: Biofilms involve the aggregation of microorganisms where cells stick to each other and often these cells produce a slimy extracellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support. This environment facilitates metabolic cooperation among cells, sharing nutrients, and enhancing survival against external threats.
5. Conclude: The correct answer is c. biofilms, as this is the only option that involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells.

Key Concepts

Metabolic Cooperation

Metabolic cooperation refers to the interaction between cells that allows them to share resources and metabolic processes. In prokaryotic communities, such cooperation can enhance survival and efficiency, as cells can perform specialized functions and exchange metabolites, leading to a more robust ecosystem.

Biofilms

Biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. In biofilms, prokaryotic cells exhibit metabolic cooperation, allowing them to share nutrients and protect each other from environmental stresses, which enhances their survival and functionality.

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They include bacteria and archaea, which can form complex communities and engage in various metabolic processes, including cooperation through mechanisms like biofilm formation, which is crucial for their adaptation and survival in diverse environments.