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Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life
Chapter 2, Problem 4

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?
a. The atom has more electrons than protons.
b. The atom has more protons than electrons.
c. The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element.
d. The atom has more neutrons than protons.

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1
Understand the definition of an anion: An anion is an atom or molecule that has gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net negative charge.
Recall that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons have no charge.
Consider the charge balance in an anion: Since an anion has a negative charge, it must have more electrons than protons.
Evaluate each option based on the definition of an anion: Option a states that the atom has more electrons than protons, which aligns with the definition of an anion.
Conclude that option a is the correct statement for an anion, as it accurately describes the electron-proton relationship in anions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Anion

An anion is a type of ion that carries a negative charge. This occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons. Anions are typically formed by nonmetals, which have a higher tendency to gain electrons during chemical reactions.
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Ions: Anions vs. Cations

Electron-Proton Balance

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, balancing the positive and negative charges. When an atom becomes an anion, it gains electrons, disrupting this balance and resulting in a net negative charge due to the excess of electrons over protons.
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Electron Transport Chain

Atomic Structure

Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons defines the element, while the number of electrons determines the charge. Anions have more electrons than protons, altering the atom's charge without changing the number of protons or neutrons.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

a. The element is required in very small amounts.

b. The element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism's metabolism.

c. The element is very rare on Earth.

d. The element enhances health but is not essential for the organism's long-term survival.

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Textbook Question

The reactivity of an atom arises from

a. The average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus.

b. The existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

c. The sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells.

d. The potential energy of the valence shell.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

a. The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.

b. The reaction is now irreversible.

c. Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.

d. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

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Textbook Question

We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons—for example, 2p+, 2p+,2n0,2e− for helium. Which of the following represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

a. 7p+, 2n0, 9e−

b. 8p+, 10n0, 8e−

c. 9p+, 9n0, 9e−

d. 10p+, 8n0, 9e-

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Textbook Question

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

a. HS

b. HS2

c. H2S

d. H4S

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