Review of Transcription vs. Translation - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Review of Transcription vs. Translation
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Video transcript
In this video, we're going to do a review of transcription and translation. And so we're basically going to be reviewing, comparing, and contrasting transcription and translation. And so notice that we have this table down below right here that we're going to fill out, And notice that this column right here is all about transcription, and this column over here is all about translation. And so in terms of the product that is formed, of course, transcription is going to be the process that uses DNA to build RNA. And so the product that's formed for transcription is an RNA molecule. Now in terms of translation, translation is going to be the process of using, an RNA molecule to build a protein. And so the protein is going to be the product that is formed. Now, in terms of is there a macromolecule change or a change in the class of macro molecule, it turns out that transcription, really, there's no change in the class of macromolecule because it's going from DNA and using the DNA to build RNA. But DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. And so it's going from DNA nucleic acids to RNA nucleic acids. And because they're both nucleic acids, there is no macromolecule change in terms of the classes of macromolecules. However, when it comes to translation, there is a macromolecule class change because we go from having RNA, nucleic acids, into having proteins, which are going to be, made of amino acids. And so, what you'll see here is that going from nucleic acids to proteins is a change in the macromolecule class. Now in terms of the major enzyme or structure that's involved with the process, for transcription, the major enzyme is going to be RNA polymerase, and that is going to be the main enzyme involved with transcription that builds the RNA. Now for translation, recall that the major enzyme or structure is going to be the ribosome. And so the ribosome is the main primary structure involved with the building of the protein, during translation. Now in terms of the location of each of these processes, transcription, because it uses DNA to build RNA, and DNA in eukaryote is found in the nucleus, the location of transcription for eukaryote is going to be in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. Now translation, on the other hand, is going to occur in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell in in the outside of the nucleus. Now in terms of the direction of synthesis for the particular molecule that's being made, the RNA molecule during transcription, its direction of synthesis is, from 5 prime to 3 prime. So the RNA molecule will be built from its own 5 prime end towards its own 3 prime end. Now the protein during translation, the direction of its synthesis is going to be from its n terminal end, where the amino group is, to its c terminal end, where the carboxyl group is. And so this here concludes our brief review of transcription and translation, and we'll be able to get some more practice with transcription and translation as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
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Problem
Problem
What is the central dogma of molecular biology directly referring to?
A
Unidirectional Translation.
B
Multidirectional Translation.
C
Unidirectional Transcription.
D
Multidirectional Transcription & Translation.
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Problem
Problem
Consider a DNA template strand of the following sequence: 5'-A C T G C C A G G A A T-3'.
A) What is the sequence of the corresponding DNA coding strand? Include directionality.
DNA Template Strand: 5'-A C T G C C A G G A A T-3'.
DNA Coding Strand:
B) What is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA strand? Include directionality.
mRNA Strand:
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Problem
Problem
Consider a DNA coding strand with the following sequence: 3'-C T T C A T A G C T C G-5'.
Use the genetic code to determine the corresponding amino acid sequence of the translated protein.
DNA Coding Strand: 3'- C T T C A T A G C T C G -5'
mRNA Strand:
Protein Sequence:
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3m
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5
Problem
Problem
Which of the following polypeptide chains are synthesized from the RNA sequence: