Sex-Linked Inheritance quiz Flashcards

Females have two alleles for each X-linked gene, while males have only one allele for each X-linked gene.

Males cannot be homozygous or heterozygous for X-linked genes because they only have one X chromosome.

The fruit fly eye color experiment revealed the X-linked inheritance pattern by showing different inheritance ratios for males and females.

X inactivation in females turns off one of the X chromosomes, ensuring that they do not have double the expression of X-linked genes compared to males.

A Barr body is the highly condensed, inactive X chromosome found in female cells.

X inactivation causes different X chromosomes to be active in different cells, leading to the expression of different fur color alleles in calico cats.

The coefficient of relatedness measures the average number of genes shared between individuals and is used to determine the likelihood of altruistic behavior.

Inclusive fitness includes an organism's own reproductive success and the additional success of its relatives due to altruistic behavior.

Reciprocal altruism is when an organism temporarily reduces its fitness to benefit another, with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future.

Males are more likely to be affected by X-linked disorders because they have only one X chromosome, so any recessive allele on it will be expressed.

Water is the universal solvent in biological systems because it can dissolve many different types of solutes.

A solute is the substance that gets dissolved, while a solvent is the substance that does the dissolving.

An aqueous solution is a solution where water serves as the solvent.

A hydration shell is a layer of water molecules that surrounds each solute molecule in a solution.

The sodium chloride example illustrates how water disrupts ionic bonds, dissolving the salt and forming a solution with water as the solvent and sodium chloride as the solute.