Seeds quiz Flashcards

Germination is the process by which a plant forms from a seed, initiated by imbibition, the absorption of water by the seed.

The seed coat, formed from the integument, is a protective outer layer that sometimes needs to be physically penetrated for germination to occur.

Eudicots have a curved hypocotyl that pushes cotyledons out of the soil, while monocots push their shoots straight up.

In monocots, the coleorhiza protects the radicle, and the coleoptile protects the emerging shoot.

Seed dispersal is the transport of seeds away from the parent plant, and it can occur via wind, water, or animals.

Dormancy allows seeds to wait until conditions are favorable for germination.

Fruits, which are seed-bearing structures formed from the ovary, attract animals to eat them and disperse the seeds.

The pericarp is the part of the fruit that we eat, which ripens from the ovary and surrounds the seeds.

Simple fruits develop from a single flower with a single carpel, while aggregate fruits develop from a single flower with multiple carpels.

Multiple fruits develop from multiple clustered flowers, with an example being the pineapple.

Accessory fruits develop from ovary tissues and other tissues outside the carpel, with an example being the strawberry.

Hormones are signaling molecules that affect gene expression, cell division, and growth, binding to specific receptors to mediate responses.

Signal amplification occurs when a few signaling molecules have a large effect, influencing many molecules downstream.

Phosphorylation cascades involve a series of proteins activating and deactivating each other through the transfer of phosphate groups.

Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules that carry signals within the cell, activating various signaling pathways.

Fertilization initiates the development of a seed.

The two daughter cells are called the apical cell and the basal cell.

The apical cell forms a mass of cells that will become the plant.

The basal cell forms a structure called the suspensor.

Cotyledons are embryonic leaves; monocots have one cotyledon, and eudicots have two.

The hypocotyl is the embryonic stem of the plant.

The seed coat is a protective outer layer that forms from the integument.

Imbibition is the process by which a seed absorbs water to initiate germination.

The protective structures in monocots are called the coleorhiza and coleoptile.

Seed dispersal is the transport of seeds away from the parent plant.

A fruit is a seed-bearing structure that forms from the ovary after flowering.

Simple fruits develop from a single flower with a single carpel, such as cherries.

Aggregate fruits develop from a single flower with multiple carpels, such as raspberries.

Multiple fruits develop from multiple clustered flowers, such as pineapples.

Accessory fruits develop from ovary tissues and tissues outside the carpel, such as strawberries.