Putting it All Together exam Flashcards

Predicts genotype frequencies in a population using the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1.

The frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

The frequency of the recessive allele in the population.

The sum of the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles in a population.

Occurs when certain genotypes are more likely to mate with each other, affecting genotype frequency but not allele frequency.

A type of non-random mating that increases homozygosity and can lead to inbreeding depression.

Random changes in DNA that create new alleles, increasing genetic variation.

Process where certain alleles become more common because they enhance survival and reproduction.

Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events, more significant in small populations.

Movement of alleles between populations, increasing genetic variation and reducing differences between populations.

When a new population is started by a small number of individuals, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

A sudden reduction in population size that increases the rate of genetic drift.

Natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype, causing a shift in the population's average phenotype.

Natural selection that favors the average phenotype, reducing variation without changing the average.

Natural selection that favors both extreme phenotypes, potentially leading to multiple distinct phenotypes.

Maintains multiple alleles in a population, increasing genetic variation.

A type of balancing selection where the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency relative to other phenotypes.

A type of balancing selection where heterozygotes have higher fitness than either homozygote.

A state where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant in a population from generation to generation.

Random mating, no mutation, no natural selection, large population size, and no gene flow.

The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population.

Generally decreases genetic variation by favoring certain alleles over others.

Reduces genetic variation as alleles are lost from the population.

Increases genetic variation by introducing new alleles into a population.

A change to a single nucleotide in DNA.

A type of mutation where a section of a chromosome is repeated, potentially creating new genes.

The movement of genes between different species, not through parent-offspring inheritance.

Reduced fitness in a population due to the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles through inbreeding.

Increases the rate of genetic drift due to a sudden reduction in population size.