Protist Cells definitions Flashcards

Organelles in plant and algal cells where photosynthesis occurs, originating from cyanobacteria through primary endosymbiosis, and sometimes having multiple membranes due to secondary endosymbiosis.

The process where a eukaryotic cell engulfs a cyanobacterium, which then evolves into a chloroplast, providing the cell with photosynthetic capabilities.

A photosynthetic bacterium with a double membrane, engulfed by early eukaryotes, leading to the formation of chloroplasts in plants and some protists through primary and secondary endosymbiosis.

Eukaryotic organisms that don't fit into fungi, animalia, or plantae; often unicellular, sometimes multicellular, with diverse modes of nutrition and reproduction, and can have unique features like multinucleation.

When a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis, resulting in organelles like chloroplasts with multiple membranes.

A complex cell type with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, capable of engulfing other cells, leading to structures like chloroplasts through endosymbiosis.

A group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants, often used for convenience in classification.

A group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all its descendants, forming a single branch on the tree of life.

Organisms composed of a single cell, capable of performing all necessary life functions independently.

Organisms that live together in a connected group, often sharing resources and sometimes exhibiting specialized roles, but each cell retains the ability to survive independently.

Organisms composed of multiple cells that differentiate and specialize to perform various functions, often arising independently in different evolutionary lineages.

A process where a single eukaryotic cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, involving phases like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

A branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species, indicating common ancestry and divergence points.

Hair-like structures on eukaryotic cells that beat rhythmically to move fluid, mucus, or cells over their surface, or to propel the cell itself.

Long, whip-like appendages used by cells for locomotion, often found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, but differing structurally between the two.