Prokaryote Reproduction and Gene Exchange definitions Flashcards

Single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus, reproducing asexually via binary fission, and capable of genetic variation through mutation, transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

A rapid bacterial growth period where cells divide exponentially, doubling in number at a constant rate, given optimal conditions and nutrients.

Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells, enabling rapid population growth.

Cells produced from the division of a single parent cell, each inheriting an identical set of genetic material.

A structure within cells that contains tightly coiled DNA, carrying genetic information essential for growth, development, and reproduction.

Circular DNA molecules in bacteria that replicate independently of chromosomal DNA, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance or other traits, and can be transferred between cells.

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism, often occurring during replication, leading to genetic variation and potentially impacting evolution.

The process by which a prokaryotic cell incorporates external DNA from its environment into its own genome, leading to genetic variation.

DNA originating from outside the cell, which can be taken up and incorporated into the cell's genome, leading to genetic variation.

The process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another, leading to genetic variation.

A virus that infects bacteria, injecting its DNA into the host, which can lead to the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through a process called transduction.

Direct transfer of genetic material between two physically connected bacterial cells via a pilus, involving an F plasmid or F factor, enabling genetic variation.

A hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria used to connect cells during conjugation for the transfer of genetic material.

A genetic element in bacteria enabling direct DNA transfer between cells via conjugation, often carrying genes for pilus formation and sometimes integrating into the host chromosome.

A plasmid carrying genes that provide resistance to antibiotics, which can be transferred between bacteria through conjugation, transformation, or transduction.