Prokaryote Lineages quiz Flashcards

Cyanobacteria perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

Cyanobacteria are responsible for the origin of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Stromatolites are fossilized structures made of calcium carbonate, associated with cyanobacteria.

The genus Streptomyces belongs to the actinobacteria group.

High GC gram-positive bacteria have a high percentage of guanine and cytosine in their DNA, while low GC gram-positive bacteria have a lower percentage.

The genus Lactobacillus is important for yogurt and cheese production.

Lactobacillus helps with digestion in the gut and maintains the environment in the vagina.

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotic cells originated through a symbiotic relationship where a larger cell engulfed a proteobacterium, which eventually became mitochondria.

Chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria that were engulfed by a larger cell and formed a symbiotic relationship.

The synapomorphy that unifies eukaryotes is the presence of a nucleus.

The double membrane in mitochondria is evidence of their prokaryotic origin, as it is similar to the double membrane found in prokaryotes.

Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Cyanobacteria perform nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.

Actinobacteria form branching mycelia, which resemble the morphology of fungi.

Cyanobacteria blooms generate large amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis, impacting the atmosphere.

The large amount of genetic variation in prokaryotes arises through mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer, which includes transformation, transduction, and conjugation. These processes allow prokaryotes to acquire and incorporate genetic material from other organisms, leading to significant genetic diversity.

Varieties of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the drug methicillin are known as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These strains have acquired resistance through genetic mutations and horizontal gene transfer, making them difficult to treat with standard antibiotics.

Salmonella bacteria are normal intestinal biota in a variety of animals, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. They can be part of the normal flora in these animals but can cause disease when transmitted to humans or other animals.