Plant Defenses exam Flashcards

A waxy layer on the surface of plant epidermis cells that acts as a physical barrier against pathogens and prevents water loss.

To prevent water loss and act as a physical barrier against pathogens.

A rapid immune response in plants that leads to localized cell death to prevent the spread of pathogens.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

A plant-wide immune response that strengthens cell walls and produces antimicrobial proteins following an initial localized infection.

Through the production and transport of salicylic acid.

Modified stems that act as physical defenses against herbivores.

Chemicals produced by plants that block digestive enzymes in herbivores, making it difficult for them to digest plant material.

Hair-like structures on the surface of plants that can deter herbivores through physical and chemical means.

They can physically deter herbivores and sometimes release chemicals that act as toxins.

Molecular patterns unique to pathogens that are recognized by the plant's immune system to trigger defense responses.

It acts as a signaling molecule to trigger systemic acquired resistance throughout the plant.

Chemical compounds produced by plants that can deter herbivores by poisoning them or altering their nervous systems.

They produce chemicals that can poison herbivores, alter their nervous systems, or simply smell bad to deter feeding.

A hormone that signals the production of protease inhibitors in response to herbivore damage.

To signal the production of protease inhibitors when a plant is wounded by herbivores.

Structures like cuticles, thorns, and trichomes that physically prevent pathogen entry and herbivore feeding.

To cause localized cell death and prevent the spread of pathogens.

Substances like protease inhibitors and secondary metabolites that disrupt herbivore digestion or deter feeding.

By producing substances that disrupt digestion or deter feeding through toxicity or bad taste.

Wasps that lay their eggs inside caterpillars, leading to the larvae consuming the caterpillar from the inside out.

Plants release chemical attractants to draw parasitoid wasps, which then lay eggs in herbivorous caterpillars, killing them.

A defense mechanism where infected plant cells undergo apoptosis to prevent pathogen spread.

Hypersensitive response is rapid and localized, while systemic acquired resistance is slower and plant-wide.

Another term for systemic acquired resistance, indicating a plant-wide defense mechanism.

Physical defenses (like thorns and trichomes) and chemical defenses (like protease inhibitors and secondary metabolites).

Programmed cell death, used by plants in the hypersensitive response to limit pathogen spread.

Through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that trigger immune responses.