Mutations quiz Flashcards

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

A mutation in DNA can lead to changes in the RNA, which can subsequently alter the protein or amino acid sequence.

A point mutation involves the change of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

A silent mutation is a type of point mutation where the change in nucleotide does not affect the amino acid sequence.

A missense mutation is a point mutation that results in the change of one amino acid in the protein sequence.

A nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, truncating the amino acid chain.

A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame of the codons.

An insertion mutation adds one or more nucleotides, changing the reading frame of the codons downstream.

A deletion mutation removes one or more nucleotides, altering the reading frame of the codons downstream.

Frameshift mutations can change all the amino acids downstream of the mutation.

The normal sequence for mRNA and polypeptide is the sequence without any mutations.

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides that are read during translation; mutations can alter these codons, affecting the resulting amino acids.

Point mutations change a single nucleotide without altering the reading frame, while frameshift mutations involve insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame.

A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence, whereas a missense mutation changes one amino acid in the sequence.