Mutations definitions Flashcards

A mutation that converts a codon into a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis and resulting in a nonfunctional protein.

A mutation that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein, potentially altering its function.

A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming the primary structure of a protein.

A codon that signals the end of translation, leading to the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

A molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups, forming the basic building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

A complex molecule composed of amino acids linked in a specific sequence, essential for cellular structure, function, and regulation.

A molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein products.

A genetic mutation where a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein, thus having no effect on its function.

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a termination signal during protein synthesis.

Organic molecules that are the building blocks of proteins, each containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.